Improving water security for the poor
Sustaining growth through water security
The challenge
The Awash is a large and complex river basin, home to around 18 million people and many different water users. The basin is an important region for Ethiopia’s economy; its water resources support urban areas, manufacturing, rural households, wetlands, agriculture and pastoralist livelihoods.
Water use in the basin is already high and irrigation schemes are expanding. Manufacturing and agriculture are more concentrated at the upper end of the basin, resulting in pollution and water shortages for the downstream populations, including the agro-pastoralists and pastoralists.
In 2015/16 the Awash basin experienced the worst drought in over 30 years, which had a severe impact on livelihoods, economic productivity and food security in the basin.
The observatory
Our research will provide new evidence on how water risks, such as drought, slow down a country’s economic growth.
The link between economic growth (mostly upstream in the basin) and the multidimensional poverty experienced by women, men and children associated with these changes in water security (mostly downstream) is not well understood.
We will model the trade-offs between water security for economic development and human development within the basin. Our work will help identify combinations and sequences of investment in water management to support both economic growth and poverty reduction.
Research questions
- What evidence is there for water-related economic drag in the Awash basin?
- Using a risk-based approach, what are the appropriate levels, combinations and sequences of investment in multi-sector water management and efficiency to support both economic and human development?
- How can the trade-offs between large-scale productive water uses and water security for household water use and livelihoods be managed as part of Ethiopia’s development?
Research team
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University: Dr Behailu Berehanu
University of Addis Ababa: Dr Woldeamlak Bewket, Dr Tassew Woldehanna
University of KwaZulu-Natal: Dr Seifu Kebede
University of Oxford: Dr Katrina Charles, Dr Simon Dadson, Dr Ellen Dyer, Dr Catherine Grasham, Professor Richard Washington
Water and Land Resource Centre: Dr Tena Alamirew Agumassie, Dr Solomon Gebrehiwot
News and blog
Addis Ababa city water supply challenges: is doing nothing an option? May 2023
How can we increase capacity for water-related climate adaptation? Lessons and opportunities from Ethiopian river basins, October 2019
What we know, don’t know and need to know about future East African Climate | 4 September cross-project meeting, October 2019
Ethiopia’s future is tied to water – a vital yet threatened resource in a changing climate, August 2019
ECR Feature | Water for all: A systems approach to improving basin-scale water resources management, July 2019
Towards establishing a ‘risk threshold’ in the Awash river basin, Ethiopia: Part II, July 2018
Too much, too little: the economic impacts of rainfall availability and variability on the Awash basin, January 2018
Towards establishing a ‘risk-threshold’ in the Awash river basin, Ethiopia: Part I, December 2017
Water related extremes and economic shocks in Ethiopia, August 2016
REACH Stories of Change
REACH Story of Change: Improving water security in Ethiopia through integrated use of surface and groundwater resources
REACH Story of Change: Building drought resilience in Ethiopian river basins
REACH Story of Change: Open source tools and skills for climate information flows.
Publications
Taye, M., Haile, A., Dessalegn., Nigussie, L., Bekele, T., Nicol, A., Dyer, E., & Tekleab, S (2024). Policy and practice recommendations on flood risk management in the Awash basin. REACH Discussion Brief. doi: 10.5287/ora-vmd9aazyp
Taye, M. T., & Dyer, E. (2024). Hydrologic extremes in a changing climate: A review of extremes in East Africa. Current Climate Change Reports, 10(1), 1–11. doi: 10.1007/s40641-024-00193-9
Abebe, Y., Alemayehu, T., Birhanu, B., Alamirew, T. & Alemayehu, E. (2024). Demystifying Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in a Volcano-Tectonic Region of Middle Awash, Ethiopia, for Multipurpose Use. Sustainability 16(12), 5257. doi: 10.3390/su16125257
Hailu, K., Kebede, S., Birhanu, B., & Lapworth, D. (2024). Tracing contaminants of emerging concern in the Awash River basin, Ethiopia. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 54:101869. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.101869
Teferi Taye, M., Haile., T.A., Dessalegn, M., Nigussie, L., Bekele, T.W., Nicol, A., Dyer, E. (2024). Flood adaptation and mitigation in the Awash Basin: Responding to new climate patterns. REACH Synthesis report, University of Oxford, UK. doi: 10.5287/ora-qz8xvpb4n
Zinabu, E., Alamirew, T., Whitehead, P., Charles, K., Abebe, Y. and Zeleke, G. (2024). Evaluating the structures and arrangements of water institutions to include in-stream modeling for water quality management and control pollution: Insights from the Awash Basin, Ethiopia. World Water Policy. 10: 1, 233-243. doi: 10.1002/wwp2.12167
Zinabu, E., Alamirew, T., Gebrehiwot, S., Whitehead, P., Charles,K., and Zeleke, G. (2024). Information synthesis to identify water quality issues and select applicable in-stream water quality model for the Awash River basin in Ethiopia: A perspective from developing countries. Scientific African 23: e02063. doi: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02063
Birhanu, B., Kebede, S., Alamirew, T., Zeleke, G., Charles, K (2023). Addis Ababa’s water crisis: Challenges and opportunities. REACH policy brief. doi: 10.5287/ora-2rkez0nme
Abebe, Y., Whitehead, P., Alamirew T., Jin, L., and Alemayehu, E (2023). Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 195: 1188. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z
Abebe, Y., Alamirew, T., Whitehead, P., Charles, K., and Alemayehu, E. (2023). Spatio-temporal variability and potential health risks assessment of heavy metals in the surface water of Awash basin, Ethiopia. Heliyon 9: e15832. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15832
Abebe, Y., Whitehead, P., Alamirew, T., Jin, L., & Alemayehu, E. (2023). Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: Arsenic and molybdenum issues. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 195(10). doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11674-z
Hailu,K., Birhanu, B., Azagegn, T., and Kebede, S. (2023). Regional groundwater flow system characterization of volcanic aquifers in upper Awash using multiple approaches, central Ethiopia. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies. , doi: 10.1080/10256016.2023.2222221.
Jin, L., Rampley, C., Abebe, Y., Bussi, G., Quynh, T., Ager, D., and Whitehead, P. (2023). Assessing heavy metal contamination using biosensors and a multi-branch Integrated Catchment Model in the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia Water 2023, 15: 407. doi: 10.3390/w15234073
Kebede, S., Hailu, K., Siraj, A., Birhanu, B. (2023). Environmental isotopes (δ18O–δ2H, 222Rn) and electrical conductivity in backtracking sources of urban pipe water, monitoring the stability of water quality and estimating pipe water residence time. Frontiers Water 5. doi: 10.3389/frwa.2023.1066055
Mekonnen, D.K., Tensay, T.M., Yiman, S., Arega, T., Beyene, E.G., Zhang, W., and Ringler, C. (2022). Key stakeholders and actions to address Lake Beseka’s challenges in Ethiopia: A social network approach IFPRI Discussion Paper 02135. doi: 10.2499/p15738coll2.136359
Grasham, C., Charles, K.J., and Abdi, T.G. (2022). (Re-)orienting the concept of water risk to better understand inequities in water security. Frontiers in Water 3, 799515. doi: 10.3389/frwa.2021.799515
Birhanu, B., Kebede, S., Charles, K., Taye, M., Atlaw, A., and Birhane, M. (2021). Impact of Natural and Anthropogenic Stresses on Surface and Groundwater Supply Sources of the Upper Awash Sub-Basin, Central Ethiopia. Frontiers in Water 9, 656726. doi: 10.3389/feart.2021.656726
Kebede, S., Charles, K., Godfrey, S., MacDonald, A. and Taylor, R.G. (2021). Regional-scale interactions between groundwater and surface water under changing aridity: evidence from the River Awash Basin, Ethiopia. Hydrological Sciences Journal, doi: 10.1080/02626667.2021.1874613
Jin, L., Whitehead, P., Bussi, G., Hirpa, F., Taye, M., Abebe, Y., and Charles., K (2021). Natural and anthropogenic sources of salinity in the Awash River and Lake Beseka (Ethiopia): Modelling impacts of climate change and lake-river interactions Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 36, 100865. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100865
Bussi, G., Whitehead, P.G., Jin, L., Taye, M.T., Dyer, E., Hirpa, F.A., Yimer, Y.A., and Charles, K.J. (2021). Impacts of Climate Change and Population Growth on River Nutrient Loads in a Data Scarce Region: The Upper Awash River (Ethiopia). Sustainability 2021, 13: 1254. doi: 10.3390/su13031254
Report on findings from the Awash River basin. REACH Mid-Programme Synthesis (2020)
Abebe, Y. and Kebede, S. (2020). Impact of Lake Beseka on the Water Quality of Awash River, Ethiopia. American Journal of Water Resources, 8:1, 21-30. doi: 10.12691/ajwr-8-1-3
Kebede, S. and Zewdu, S. (2019). Use of 222Rn and δ18O-δ2H Isotopes in detecting the origin of water and in quantifying groundwater inflow rates in an alarmingly growing lake, Ethiopia. Water MDPI: 11, 2591; doi:10.3390/w11122591.
Dyer, E., Washington, R. and Taye, M. T. (2019). Evaluating the CMIP5 ensemble in Ethiopia: Creating a reduced ensemble for rainfall and temperature in Northwest Ethiopia and the Awash basinStreamflow response to climate change in the Greater Horn of Africa. International Journal of Climatology: doi: 10.1002/joc.6377.
Hirpa, F. A., Alfieri, L., Lees, T., Peng, J., Dyer, E., Dadson, S.J. (2019). Streamflow response to climate change in the Greater Horn of Africa. Climatic Change. doi: 10.1007/s10584-019-02547-x.
Grasham, C., Korzenevica, M., Charles, K. J. (2019). On considering climate resilience in urban water security: A review of the vulnerability of the urban poor in sub-Saharan Africa. WIREs Water. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1344.
Korzenevica, M. (2019). Emerging themes on considering water equity. REACH Research Brief, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. doi: 10.5287/ora-6rjq7wpkx
Taye, M. T., Dyer, E., Hirpa, F. A., and Charles, K. (2018). Climate change impact on water resources in the Awash Basin, Ethiopia. Water MDPI: 10, 1560. doi: 10.3390/w10111560
Borgomeo E., Vadheim B., Woldeyes F. B., Alamirew T., Tamru S., Charles K. J., Kebede S., Walker O. (2017). The distributional and multi-sectoral impacts of rainfall shocks: Evidence from computable general equilibrium modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia. Ecological Economics, 146, 621-632. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038
Vivid Economics (2016). Water resources and extreme events in the Awash basin: economic effects and policy implications, report prepared for the Global Green Growth Institute, April 2016
REACH (2015). Country Diagnostic Report, Ethiopia. REACH Working Paper 2, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
