Authors: Barbara Schreiner, Barbara van Koppen
Water-permit systems are widely used across Africa as a blanket requirement for small and micro-irrigation enterprises, as well as large enterprises. This study, focusing on Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe aimed to, (1) further understand the implications of permit systems for both the most vulnerable and the state, and, (2) based on the findings, identify options for pro-poor water legislation that also meet the water governance requirements of the state.